Sexual Harassment Within The Workplace Essay - 4574 Words

SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN WORKPLACE Lesa GlennTracy ABSTRACT This research is about sexual harassment in workplaces. Sexual harassment has been seen all over the world, and it is more directed to women and also some men have reported the issues although not that much. The research was done due to the vast number of people complaining of harassment in their workplace and wanted to prove if it’s true. Harassment in workplaces is not only directed to job advances but also as a way to bully other employees, and this makes work productivity in any company. The essential of this research is to show that harassment is either real or is just a way of escaping one s obligation in a corporation. The article will also have relevant materials like surveys showing, if it’s real, harassment in companies. It also shows how this act can be reduced and eliminated in all workplaces and make the environment stress free for our lady partners in offices. The primary significance of the research is to help those who have undergone the issue recover and get justice and also warning those in companies with the idea and respect everyone. TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Purpose 1.3 Scope 2.0 Review of the Literature 2.1 Research Statement 2.2 Literature Review 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Primary Survey Methodology 3.1.1 General Research Design 3.1.2 Synopsis (instruments participants) 3.1.3 Survey Participants 3.1.4 Survey Instruments 3.1.4.1 WrittenShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment Within The Workplace949 Words   |  4 PagesSexual harassment (SH) in the workplace, as defined by the Ontario Human Rights Commission, is a form of discrimination based on sex. SH can be subjective, in the sense that it can range from anything as severe to asking for sex in exchange for something to gloating about sexual capabilities. While both women and men can be victims, trends indicate that women are greater times the recipient. According to Kubik (2016) 40 – 75% of women and 15% of men experience sexual harassment in the workplace.Read MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1382 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2015 SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE Sexual harassment is any form of unprecedented sexual conduct in which the offender uses inappropriate language and actions that humiliate the sexuality of the offended. At workplaces, sexual harassment occurs when stakeholders of an organization engage in unwelcomed conducts of sexual nature, which makes the recipients (of the conduct) intimidated and uncomfortable. As Solotoff and Kramer (2014: 67) assert, sexual harassment is a widespread practiceRead MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1567 Words   |  7 PagesSexual harassment is a continuing, persistent occupational health problem in corporations and work environments. There can be extensive, negative consequences for individual victims and the corporations involved. Assailants and harassers can impact and hurt victims by affecting both their professional work lives and personal lives. The purpose of this paper is to heighten awareness and sensitivity to this important issue, recognizing that institutions, clinics, corp orations, organizations and office-basedRead MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1349 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is sexual harassment? According to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission defines workplace sexual harassment as unwelcome sexual advances or conduct of a sexual nature which unreasonably interferes with the performance of a person s job or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment refers to the action of repeated, annoying sexual comments, gazes and physical contact at the workplace. Sexual harassment refers to sexual actions that annoy the partyRead MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1757 Words   |  8 Pages Sexual and Non- Sexual Harassment in the Work Place Sexual harassment is discrimination that involves any uninvited comments, exploits, or behavior regarding sex, gender, or sexual orientation. If any type of violation is made by a co-worker, a boss, a work acquaintance, or even a non-employee such as a client, vendor, or contractor, this will be considered unlawful sexual harassment within the work environment. Sexual harassment can create a hostile and uneasy work environment. SexualRead More Sexual Harassment and Workplace Violence Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesHarassment has plagued the world for centuries. Why should the workplace be any different? Sexual harassment and workplace violence are not only of historical roots, but contemporary issues are still present in the workforce today. Managers are addressing and combating modern sexual harassment and workplace violence, however instances still occur (Robbins, Decenzo Coulter, 2011). â€Å"Sexual harassment is defined as any unwanted action or activity of a sexual nature that explicitly or implicitlyRead MoreSexual Harassment1405 Words   |  6 PagesSexual harassment Sexual harassment in a healthcare workplace is a very important topic to discuss even though it is often swept under the rug. Even with all law, literature and discussions on sexual harassment, people still remain confused about what exactly constitutes sexual harassment. Therefore knowing what sexual harassment entails and looks like is a crucial step in the prevention of it from taking place. Sexual harassment is a form of gender discrimination; it can therefore be definedRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1253 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace What cause sexual harassment in the workplace? Sexual harassment is defined as discrimination towards sex. It is unwanted verbal and/or physical contact between two human beings, however, in this case I would like to focus on the workplace (co-worker or supervisor). Based on Civil Rights Act of 1991, there has been an increased amount of incentives for employer’s prohibition conducts of sexual harassment. How people perceive and evaluate sexual harassmentRead MoreThe State Of Sexual Harassment858 Words   |  4 Pages Machin, L. (2012). The State of Sexual Harassment in America: What is the Status of Sexual Harassment in the US Workplace Today? Journal of Global Business Management, 8(1), 133-138. Unwanted sexual advances are inappropriate whether or not an individual is at work. This article speaks to the minds of people who have been sexually harassed at work in the 2000s. When written, the article explained that in the last two years sexual harassment in the workplace had actually increased. It also explainsRead MoreIntroduction. The Purpose Of This Article Is To Provide1362 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this article is to provide a concise summary of what sexual harassment is, discussing who it affects, and its prevalence in organisations using evidence and examples. A range of views will be provided to describe how sexual harassment affects organizations and employees. This article will examine the primary alternative interventions aimed at resolving for sexual harassment in the workplace. The alternatives are all considered to be preventions, rather than reactions to

John Dillinger - Public Enemy No. 1

During the eleven months spanning from September 1933 through July 1934, John Herbert Dillinger and his gang robbed numerous Midwest banks, killed ten people and wounded at least seven others, and staged three jailbreaks. The Start of the Spree After serving a little more than eight years in prison, Dillinger was paroled on May 10, 1933, for his part in a 1924 robbery of a grocery store. Dillinger came out of prison as a very bitter man who had become a hardened criminal. His bitterness stemmed from the fact that he was given concurrent sentences of 2 to 14 years and 10 to 20 years while the man who committed the robbery with him served only two years. Dillinger immediately returned to a life of crime by robbing a Bluffton, Ohio bank. On September 22, 1933, Dillinger was arrested and jailed in Lima, Ohio as he was awaiting trial on the bank robbery charge. Four days after his arrest, several of Dillinger’s former fellow inmates escaped from prison shooting two guards in the process. On October 12, 1933, three of the escapees along with a fourth man went to the Lima county jail posing as prison agents who were there to pick up Dillinger on a parole violation and return him to prison. This ruse didn’t work, and the escapees ended up shooting the sheriff, who lived at the facility with his wife. They locked the sheriff’s wife and a deputy in a cell to free Dillinger from incarceration.   Dillinger and the four men who had freed him – Russell Clark, Harry Copeland, Charles Makley, and Harry Pierpont immediately went on a spree robbing a number of banks. In addition, they also looted two Indiana police arsenals where they took various firearms, ammunition and some bulletproof vests.   Ã‚   On December 14, 1933, a member of Dillinger’s gang killed a Chicago police detective. On January 15, 1934, Dillinger killed a police officer during a bank robbery in East Chicago, Indiana. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) began posting photos of Dillinger and the members of his gang in the hope that the public would recognize them and turn them into local police departments.   The Manhunt Escalates Dillinger and his gang left the Chicago area and went to Florida for a short break before heading to Tucson, Arizona. On January 23, 1934, firemen, who responded to a blaze a Tucson hotel, recognized two hotel guests as being members of Dillinger’s gang from the photos that had been published by the FBI. Dillinger and three of his gang members were arrested, and police confiscated a cache of weapons that included three Thompson submachine guns, as well as five bulletproof vests, and more than $25,000 in cash. Dillinger was transported to the Crown Point, Indiana county jail which local authorities claimed was â€Å"escape proof† a claim which Dillinger proved wrong on March 3, 1934. Dillinger used a wooden gun that he had whittled in his cell and used it force the guards to open his. Then Dillinger locked up the guards and stole the Sheriff’s car, which he drove to and abandoned in Chicago, Illinois. This act allowed the FBI to finally join the Dillinger manhunt since driving a stolen car across state lines constitutes a federal offense. In Chicago, Dillinger picked up his girlfriend, Evelyn Frechette and they then drove to St. Paul, Minnesota where they met up with several of his gang members and Lester Gillis, who was known as â€Å"Baby Face Nelson.†Ã‚   Public Enemy No. 1 On March 30, 1934, the FBI learned that Dillinger may be in the St. Paul area and agents began speaking with managers of rentals and motels in the area and learned that there was a suspicious â€Å"husband and wife†   with the last name of Hellman at the Lincoln Court Apartments. The following day, an FBI agent knocked on the Hellman’s door, and Frechette answered but immediately closed the door. While waiting for reinforcements to arrive a member of Dillinger’s gang, Homer Van Meter, walked towards the apartment and upon being questioned shots were fired, and Van Meter was able to escape. Then Dillinger opened the door and opened fire with a ​machine gun allowing him and Frechette to escape, but Dillinger was injured in the process.​ A wounded Dillinger returned to his father’s home in Mooresville, Indiana with Frechette. Shortly after they arrived, Frechette returned to Chicago where she was promptly arrested by the FBI and was charged with harboring a fugitive. Dillinger would remain in Mooresville until his wound healed.After holding up a Warsaw, Indiana police station where Dillinger and Van Meter stole guns and bulletproof vests, Dillinger and his gang went to a summer resort called the Little Bohemia Lodge in northern Wisconsin. Due to the influx of gangsters, someone at the lodge phoned the FBI, who immediately set out for the lodge. On a cold April night, the agents arrived at the resort with their car lights turned off, but dogs immediately began barking. Machine gunfire broke out from the lodge, and a gun battle ensued.   Once the gunfire stopped, the agents learned that Dillinger and five others had been able to escape once again.    By the summer of 1934, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover  named John Dillinger as America’s very first â€Å"Public Enemy No. 1.†

The Legal And Ethical Effects Of Decision Making - 2828 Words

Chapter 4: Discussion Results Introduction The legal and ethical effects of decision making in withholding and withdrawing life support have been largely debated. The unanimity in the United States is that it is standard to waive or decline life support with permission of the patient or a surrogate under some circumstances (American Thoracic Society, 1991; Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, 1991). However, such practice is not always accepted and varies greatly from country to country and over time (Asplund and Britton, 1990; Koch et al., 1994). End of life decision making can be a very stressful event for both the physician and the patient; and when there are two conflicting cultural backgrounds, communication about these†¦show more content†¦Most of these individuals view advance directives as a legal intrusion that interferes with the family’s rights and responsibilities to care for a loved one. They also think that warm health care decisions at the end stage of one’s life should be a matter between the family and patient’s physician, not the state or the healthcare system (Bito et al., 2007). Individuals of minority cultural backgrounds are afraid that if they complete an advance care planning in a typical health care setting, it might be detrimental to them in cases where further medical intervention could actually improve their health outcome (Baker, 2002). Data have shown that there’s a low level of trust in the healthcare system within the many minority groups, and even a lesser of trust within the Black group, especially if in the past they have been mistreated and discriminated against (Baker, 2002). Research has also indicated that Blacks from different cultural backgrounds prefer life-prolonging, aggressive treatment to be administered regardless of the condition of their disease, even when it seems hopeless (Baker, 2002). West and Levi (2004) f ound that the historic disbelief of the healthcare system and lack of accessibility of care mirrors the views of African-Americans of end-of-life care. The removal of mechanical support, withdrawal of life-prolonging

Short Story Summaries Essay Example For Students

Short Story Summaries Essay Short stories, magazine articles, poems, essays, reports and many more forms of literature can be written with informative aspects in ways that are interesting. Authoras often prefer to gain the readers’ attention during the beginning lines of their pieces and to keep that attention throughout their writing. They do this by strategically using interesting and informative writing. This essay will show how authors use interesting and informative writing by reviewing four selected pieces of prose: Sherwood Anderson’s Hands, James Joyce’s Araby, Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants, and Toni Cade Bambara’s The Lesson. Banbara’s ethnical essay, The Lesson, immediately jumps out as being judgemental. BAmbara catches the attention of her readers not only nby setting the scene and showing the characterization of her characters, but more profoundly, by showing the menatlity and immaturity of her leading lady who slams almost everything with insults. The Lesson is somewhat botherson because the reader must try to relate to the characters and at the same time must try to overlook the language to be able to understand what is going on. In addition, this story is filled with foul language. The reader understands that this is intended to show characterization but feels that this extremity could be better described with amouther choice of words. Bambara’s technique for giving informatiove and interesting information falls short in her four-page story. Hemingway’s choppy Hills LIke White Elephants leaves much to be desired. It takes the reader teh entire length of the story to half-way figure out what the subject is. Hemingway’s evasiveness regarding the subject confuses the reader and adds instability to the writing. Although he sets the scene quite descriptively and allows tthe dialogue to flow naturally, many would recommend that he actually say this story is about abortion. This emotional story would have been much more interesting and easier to follow if Hemingway decided to give his readers more hints that pointed to the subject of abortion. Joyce’s passionate Araby is a pleasant reading experience. Joyce is not the easiest author to understand; his wordiness and abstract views complicate his story structure. Joyce does, although, have excellent sensory details and uses down to earth colloquialism that make this piece very interesting. His first Person Perspective gives an additional edge that keeps the reader thinking about what might happen next. Joyve also informs his readers quite naturally just by telling them where things are, what they look like, how he feels and so on; a breath of fresh air that seems to be missing from many other pieces. Anderson’s detailed Hands seems very wordy. Although the reader easily feels that Anderson wants to over explian almost everything. Anderson does a great job with informative characterization throughout this piece. The ‘interesting’ aspect takes time to evolve. The reader wants to put the piece down several times to put scenery with the words because teh epiphanies seem to jump around sporadically. Anderson minimally describes the surroundings. If Anderson’s goal wras to let his readers fill in all athe blanks, he succeeded. Every author has his or her own way to include interesting and informative aspects in their writings. Some do this job quite well, others do not. Every piece of writing can not include every style of writing. The author has to chose which aspects he will emphasize and which ones he will not. The way the authors chose to make them interesting and informative are all different; some are more effective than others. Any peice written is subject to criticism. Readers’ opinions will also vary. This ‘give and take’ game of author-vs. -rader will continue to be interesting as ling as there continues to be no conforming of opinions.

United States Constitution Essay Example For Students

United States Constitution Essay Federalism was selected as the most appealing system of government in 1787, primarily because of lack of feasible alternatives. Confederacy had been tried by the 13 states under the Articles of Confederation, and found to be lacking, in that it did not provide adequate cohesiveness between the individual nation-states. However, widespread loyalty to state government and identity prevented the adoption of a fully unitary system. Instead, founders chose federalism as a moderate option which could best meet the needs of a people desiring national unity, but demanding local representation and authority as well. Further consideration revealed the multiple benefits of a federalist system. Federalism provides a significant obstacle for absolutism. The various levels of government and their allotted capabilities provide firewalls against the rapid spread of extremism and radical political mutation. The national government has the ability to check such a transformation as it moves from state to state. Each comprises a separate entity, which can be influenced independently of its neighbors. On the flip side, if a certain political party is ousted from the national government, it is still likely to carry support on the state level, preventing ideological annihilation. Thus the capacity for tyranny is curbed no matter where it originates. Federalism supports union without destroying state identity. Issues can be debated on a state level, before they are addressed on a national scale. Local proceedings affect the position which state legislators take on a national scale. Not all states or parties must be in agreement on the national level, and the conclusions reached by individual states can be compared as they relate to the nation as a whole. With federalism, the results of policies enacted on a state level can be examined before being applied on a nationwide scale. This allows states the opportunity to pioneer reform and to take steps in desired directions ahead of the re mainder of the country. Again, federalism provides a firewall affect, by limiting the destructive potential of original legislation. If the experiment goes awry, its negative impact is limited to the parent state. Successful enterprises can be readily inspected and adopted by other states as they see fit. Solutions to nationwide issues can be tested on the state level before being designed to operate on a larger scale. Federalism also breaks the government up into various levels of decision-making, providing a variety of opportunities for people to become involved. This structure helps to keep the government close to home, and within the grasp of the populace. Active participation in a variety of functions is encouraged by the proximity of people to their local dilemmas. Having the means to change their immediate surroundings empowers the general public. Federalism was the most logical selection in 1787, and it still serves the purposes of a modern world. For the most part the syste m has been successful in preserving what it was meant to safeguard, although some side effects have arisen along the way. None have been too difficult to overcome or at least minimize, although soon it may be time to reevaluate some of those characteristics as they become more prominent. Nevertheless, it seems our founding fathers made a commendable judgment on what form of system would best suit the American people. Question # 4: How interest groups lead to greater inequalities among Americans (or The Prostitution of Democracy) The level of influence able to be obtained by unelected interest groups through political strong-arming has been a concern since the birth of our nation. Although entangled with the financial sustenance of our current system, the relationships between government representatives and adamant wealthy constituents should certainly come under at least some degree of scrutiny. If we allow legislative votes to be bought by the highest bidder or the strongest financ ial supporter, than do we not thoroughly defeat the objectives of democracy? Do we not in fact jeopardize the integrity of our strongest political convictions? We most certainly do. And once we allow such methods to take roost in our capitol, they thoroughly ingrain themselves in the vitality of our system. Gone unchecked, such practices could easily become the ruin of true democratic representation, and transform our government into a vehicle for economic maneuvering and social persecution. We can see these tendencies manifest on a growing scale in the role that certain lobbying practices play in our system today. Specific interest groups usually represent a minute percentage of the population. However, since such groups are focused on specific issues, they may be able to focus large quantities of resources towards the favorable resolution of their issues. They aim to sway legislators by means of a variety of tactics, regardless of more popular opinion. Money, influence, and media are their greatest lures. These lures were practically handed to them (or just never taken away) by the very same people who will be consuming them. But thats how this game is played. More general interest groups, often more closely tied to the interests of the general populace, often have far fewer resources at their disposal. This makes for a very unbalanced arrangement. The more focused, better organized, and more deeply financed factions have greater leverage for making demands, than those which are less narrowly aimed. They often have deeper connections and are more closely tied to the political ambitions of their legislators. Interest groups with enough money are fully capable of swaying public opinion about representatives through limitless indirect advertising and mudslinging. The tinkering of interest groups plays a significant role in elections and has succeeded in diminishing electoral competition. Any representative who wants to stay in office had better hear out the mon ey laden legislation pushers waiting outside the door. If he listens close and does what hes told he can expect to stay on the inside for a long time. The interests of lower-income people are not represented to near the extent that the richer, better organized classes are able to achieve. By allowing money and political connections to play such a large role in lobbying, we basically assure that it will continue to be very difficult for lower classes to drive their issues very successfully, or even to increase proportionate representation in either legislature. Of course thats just fine as far as the rich guys are concerned. They can get more done this way. By allowing a system where legislators are at the financial and influential mercy of whoevers paying, we basically sanction forms of bribery and blackmail as far as I can tell. Loyalty can be bought, or extorted from legislators, and if they dont cooperate, they probably wont be back next term. Hows that for stakes? Do what I say and Ill give you money for your campaign, otherwise Ill spend ten times as much airing commercials that will tear it to shreds. Sound like a bargain? The overrepresentation of small fractions of the privileged few, and the underrepresentation of the less fortunate multitudes obviously contribute to, if not personify many social inequalities in America. Legislation is slanted, representation is slanted, and publication is slanted, all in the favor of the rich and powerful, and once again at the expense of the poor and undereducated. The Federalist and anti federalist were two distinct political parties, which at the time when our nation was at its infancy (fed era 1788-1800), did not agree with each other on certain issues. One of those issues being whether or not to create a national bank. To understand which party is for the bank we must look at their different backgrounds first. The Federalists party believed in a large highly centralized government, while the Anti- federalists be lieved in a small govt. with a limited power. The interpretation of the constitution was also different. Federalists believed in a loose interpretation with enumerated as well as implied powers. Enumerated powers meaning specifically written in the constitution and implied meaning suggested powers. The anti federalist believed in a strict interpretation of the constitution with only enumerated powers, therefore limiting the governments powers, thus giving the states more powers. The main people involved in this debate in whether to have a national bank or not were Madison, Jefferson, and Hamilton. Hamilton, who represented the federalist, wanted the national bank because he thought that the bank would help build our national credit. Madison, representing the anti-federalists, had argued that because the constitution did not specifically empower Congress to issue charters of incorporation, it had no right to do so. However Hamilton answered back by saying that the constitution empowe red the government to do anything necessary and proper to carry out its assigned functions. This power that Hamilton referred to was known in the constitution as the Elastic Clause(Art. I sec.8 Clause 18). Furthermore, the federal govt was allowed to coin money and regulate the value of it. Therefore the feds also argued that since the govt. already had all these enumerated power why not create a bank. These arguments stated by both Hamilton and Madison are an example of strict and loose interpretations of the constitution. Alexander Hamilton was the man who proposed an economic plan to pay off the national debt. As the Secretary of Treasure, his job was to set in order the nations finances and to put the nations economy on a firm footing. Hamilton said to pay off this debt the government had to issue new bonds to cover the old ones. James Madisons objections to this was that the government should pay the original bond holders and not the new holders. Hamilton also purposed that the re be one bank for the whole country. Jefferson condemned the bank because he said that the north would make more money than the south and that the south would suffer. Also Jefferson said that this was unconstitutional. The Government then had a tariff or a tax on imported goods produced in Europe. But this was not enough for Hamilton so he decided to put a excise tax or a sales tax on whiskey. The whiskey rebellion was the cause of these tariffs. Hamilton was still out to get money to pay off the National debt so he went to the wealthy people of the country and asked them for money. The assumption of state debts would give the creditors or the people who originally loaned the money, an incentive to support the new federal government. This made the people in the south furious because some of the southern states had already paid of most of there debts. Southerners also resented this because they thought that the would be taxed to help pay the norths assumption of state debts. Most of these false sayings came from people called speculators or people that didnt know what was going on in the government. The elastic clause gave the government a right to jail or fine the speculators for about almost anything they said about the government. When Jefferson was not the president he had a strict interpretation which mint that he took everything word for word. but once he was elected to be president he practiced a loose interpretation. During the early republic era, distinct individuals contributed to coercing the power the of United Sates federal government to become stronger. These people were George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and John Marshall. The achievements of all these people include the establishment of the powers of the Federal Government. The founding father of our country is George Washington. This man was the first president of the United States. At that time there was a revolt that led to the Whiskey Rebellion. The Whiskey Rebellion included Hamiltons plan in which a tariff was placed on whiskey to exclude the National debt. (The United States was in National debt at this time because of the expenses of the American Revolution.) Washington used the militia to enforce this tax on Whiskey. This was the solution in Hamiltons plan. Using the enforcement of the militia proved the government could end civil insurrection and compel federal laws the people listen. Therefore, Washington established more power to the central government. Alexander Hamilton was George Washingtons Secretary of the Treasury. He believed in loose construction, which was interpreting the constitution loosely and the belief in implied powers. Hamilton was the founder and leader of the political party called the Federalists. He is famous for his plan called Hamiltons plan which incorporated a national bank, excised a tax on Whiskey, reduced the national debt, and established a strong central government to run the economy. These examples increased the powers of the federal government. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the late 1700s was John Marshall. Like Hamilton, Marshall was also a Federalist. During his Regime, he had a major impact on the Federal government. Marshall judged three Supreme Court cases. They were Marbury versus Madison, McCollough versus Maryland, and Gibbons versus Ogden. These cases instituted a judicial review, strengthened the judicial branch, created a national bank, and distended the definition of state commerce. Thus, the powers of the Federal Government were established. George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and John Marshall were the keys in opening the gate of the creation of a strong central government and the expansion of Federal Powers. For the first few years of Constitutional government, under the leadership of George Washington, there was a unity, commonly called Federalism that even James Madison (the future architect of the Republican Party) acknowledged in describing the Republican form of g overnment And according to the degree of pleasure and pride we feel in being republicans, ought to be our zeal in cherishing the spirit and supporting the character of Federalists. Although legislators had serious differences of opinions, political unity was considered absolutely essential for the stability of the nation. Political parties or factions were considered evil as Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority Public perception of factions were related to British excesses and thought to be the mortal diseases under which popular governments have everywhere perished. J ames Madison wrote in Federalist Papers #10, By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. He went on to explain that faction is part of human nature; that the CAUSES of faction cannot be removed, and that relief is only to be sought in the means of controlling its EFFECTS. The significant point Madison was to make in this essay was that the Union was a safeguard against factions in that even if the influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, they will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States. What caused men like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to defy tradition and public perceptions against factions and build an opposition party? Did they finally agree with Edmund Burkes famous aphorism: When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle? Did the answer lie in their opposition with the agenda of Alexander Hamilton and the increases of power both to the executive branch as well as the legislative branch of government?Hamilton pushed for The Bank of the United States, a large standing Army raised by the President (Congress was to raise and support armies,) a Department of Navy, funding and excise taxes, and, in foreign policy, a neutrality that was sympathetic to British interest to the detriment of France. Many legislators, especially those in the south, were alarmed to the point that a separation of the Union was suggested as the only way to deal with Hamiltons successes. Many were afraid that the army would be used against them as it had during the Whiskey Rebellion. Southerners saw the taxes to support a new treasury loan favoring pro-British merchants in the commercial cities, and unfairly paid by landowners in the South. These issues as well as neutrality issues between France, England, and the United States were the catalyst for the forming of the Republican Party. The French and English conflict caused many problems with Americas political system. The English Order of Council and the French Milan Decree wreaked havoc with Americas shipping and led to Jays Treaty of 1794. Jays Treaty was advantageous to America and helped to head off a war with Britain, but it also alienated the French. The French reacted by seizing American ships causing the threat of war to loom large in American minds. President Adams sent three commissioners to France to work out a solution and to modify the Franco-American alliance of 1778, but the Paris government asked for bribes and a loan from the United States before negotiations could even begin. The American commissioners refused to pay the bribes and they were denied an audience with accredited authorities and even treated with contempt. Two of the commissioners returned to the United States with Elbridge Gerry staying behind to see if he could work something out. This became known as the XYZ affair and was the beginning of an undeclared naval war between France and the United States. The XYZ affair played right into the hands of the Federalist Party. They immediately renounced all treaties of 1788 with France and began their agenda of creating a large standing army and a Navy Department to deal with the threat of an American-French war. Fear and patriotism were fanned and a strong anti-French sentiment swept the land. Then a gem of a caveat was thrown into the Federalist hands when Monsieur Y boasted that the Diplomatic skill of France and the means she possess in your country, are sufficient to enable her, with the French party in America, to throw the blame which will attend the rupture of the negotiations on the Federalist, as you term yourselves, but on the British party, as France terms you. This boast was to cause suspicion and wide spread denunciation of the Republican Party and its leaders. Senator Sedgwick, majority whip in the Senate, after hearing of the XYZ Affair, said, It will afford a glorious opportunity to destroy faction. Improve it. Hamilton equated the publics perception of the Republicans opposition to the Federalists agenda like that of the Tories in the Revolution. All in all, this boast began the process that became the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798. The Republicans debated against the bills for about a month, but the Federalist had the votes. A background of fear helped keep the public silent and perhaps somewhat approving to the loss of some personal freedoms, as nobody wanted to be accused as a Jacobean. In May of 1778, President Adams declared a day of prayer and fasting. Many thought that the Jacobeans were going to use that day to rise up in insurrection and cut the throats of honest citizens. They even thought they were going to attack P resident Adams and citizens of Philadelphia came out by the hundreds to protect him. Federalist saw this as a demonstration of support for the government. Those who spoke against the Sedition bill were accused of being in league with the Jacobeans. Edward Livingston, in opposing the bill said, If we are ready to violate the Constitution, will the people submit to our unauthorized acts? Sir, they ought not to submit; they would deserve the chains that our measures are forging for them, if they did not resist. The Federalist accused Livingston of sedition because of his implied threat of popular rebellion; a practice seen in future debates when unlawful power was to be enforced. Republican newspapers were railing against the Federalist and especially against the Sedition bill. The Aoura was the leading Republican publication and Benjamin Bache was its editor. Baches ability to get the story out caused much consternation among Federalist. Harrison Gray Otis said that Baches writing inf luenced even intelligent people, What can you expect from the gaping and promiscuous crowd who delight to swallow calumny..? The Federalist needed the Sedition bill to shut down the Republican presses and Bache played right into their hands with his publication of Tallyrands conciliatory letter to the American envoys before the President had even seen it. Republicans insisted that this was a journalistic scoop that would lead to peace because France was willing to negotiate with Edmund Gerry. The Federalist wanted Bache to explain how he had received a letter that the President hadnt even seen yet. They began to accuse him of being in league with France, an agent of Tallyrand and an enemy of the people of the United States. The administration was so incensed with Bache that they didnt wait for passage of the Sedition bill, but had him arrested for treason on June 27, 1778. From the very beginning Republican leaders recognized that the Sedition bill was primarily directed toward the destruction of any opposition to the Federalist Party and its agenda. Albert Gallatin said the Sedition Act was a weapon to perpetuate their authority and preserve their present places. Proof that this bill was politically motivated became obvious when the House voted to extend the act from the original one year proposed to the expiration of John Adams term, March 3, 1801. The States response to the passing of the Sedition Act was mixed. Kentucky and Virginia each responded with acts basically nullifying the Congressional act, but other states accepted the Congress taking authority from what had been a state function. The public response initially appeared mixed. British common law seemed to have preconditioned many to accept a limitation of their personal freedoms. The victory of the Republicans, who ran on a platform of anti-sedition, in the election of 1800 showed that Americans were much more interested in personal freedom than the aristocratic Federalist thought. What would hap pen if Congress submitted a Sedition Bill today as they did in 1778? With our established two-party system (in marked contrast to their conceptions of factions), the freedom of press as a well developed principle, and freedom of speech the cornerstone in Americans sense of liberty; it seems that there would be a major revolt. Are there any instances in 20th century history that compares to the Sedition Acts flagrant disregard of the First Amendment? No government actions seem so blatantly unconstitutional as the Sedition Act of 1798; but, there are many actions since then that have caused much more personal pain than the twenty-seven persons convicted under the Sedition Act. In times of war it is understood that many personal liberties may be curtailed, especially for enemy aliens living in the United States. The War Relocation Authority signed by President Roosevelt caused thousands of enemy aliens as well as Japanese-American citizens to lose everything as they were interned in co ncentration camps throughout the West. These Americans were told that if they were true patriotic citizens they would go without complaining. If they were to complain then that was prima facie evidence that they were not loyal citizens. In June of 1940, Americas fear of German aggression led to the enactment of the Smith Act. Much like the Alien and Sedition Act it required all aliens to be registered and fingerprinted. It also made it a crime to advocate or teach the violent overthrow of the United States, or to even belong to a group that participated in these actions. The United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the law in the case of eleven communist (Dennis v United States.) This decision was later modified in 1957 (Yates v United States.) The Court limited conviction to direct action being taken against government, ruling that teaching communism or the violent overthrow of government did not in itself constitute grounds for conviction. Another instance of go vernmental infringement of the liberties of American citizens is the well known Senate Sub-committee on un-American Activities headed by Joseph McCarthy. Thousands of people lost their livelihood and personal reputations were shattered by innuendo, finger pointing, and outright lies. As in earlier instances of uncontrolled excesses by people in government, guilt was assumed and protestations of innocence were evidence that something was being hidden. In 1993, rumblings were heard from the Democratic controlled Congress that there needed to be fairness in broadcasting. If one viewpoint was shared, they felt the opposing viewpoint must be given fair time to respond. This was facetiously called the Rush Act in response to the phenomenal success of conservative radio talk show host, Rush Limbaugh. As in the 1790s when Republicans formed newspapers to counteract the Federalist control of the press; many conservatives felt that the few conservative broadcasters and programs had a long way to go before they balanced the liberal press. Fortunately, as in the 1800 election, Republicans gained control of Congress in 1992 and the Rush Act died a natural death. Recently many Americans have become concerned with domestic terrorism. Waco, the Oklahoma Federal Building, and now the Freemen in Montana have caused citizens and legislators alike to want something done. The House of Representatives just approved HR2768. This bill will curtail many liberties for American citizens as well as Aliens. The following are eight points made by the ACLU concerning this bill:1. Broad terrorism definition risks selective prosecution2. More illegal wiretaps and less judicial control will threaten privacy 3. Expansion of counterintelligence and terrorism investigations threatens privacy4. The Executive would decide which foreign organizations Americans could support5. Secret evidence would be used in deportation proceedings 6. Foreign dissidents would be barred from the United States7. Feder al courts would virtually lose the power to correct unconstitutional Incarceration8. Aliens are equated with terroristsThis bill has many points in common with the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, the Smith Act of 1950, the McCarren Act of 1950, and the Executive Order of Feb.19, 1942 that led to War Relocation Authority. Each one of these actions were taken when fear controlled the public and an agenda controlled the people in authority. Thankfully, the American people have the Constitution and the Bill of Rights to bring them back from the edge, and to force those in positions of responsibility to accountability. The responsibility of government lies with the governed. If the American people react to trying situations and events in fear, then a general malaise and sense of helplessness will permeate the collective American consciousness. The abdication of personal responsibility erodes liberty, creating an atmosphere of dependency, that leads to bigger government and its pseudo se curity. Edward Livingstons statement, If we are ready to violate the Constitution, will the people submit to our unauthorized acts? Sir, they ought not to submit; they would deserve the chains that our measures are forging for them, if they did not resist, serves as a timely warning to Americans today. .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 , .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 .postImageUrl , .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 , .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14:hover , .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14:visited , .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14:active { border:0!important; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14:active , .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14 .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3e04dc2d5e3dad17c01970140d638d14:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespeare (Essay) We will write a custom essay on United States Constitution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Words/ Pages : 4,542 / 24

5 situaciones migratorias que se pueden tener en USA

5 situaciones migratorias que se pueden tener en USA La situacià ³n migratoria que se tiene en Estados Unidos afecta a los derechos y obligaciones que se tienen segà ºn la ley. Muchas veces es posible cambiar de categorà ­a, mientras que en otros en prcticamente imposible.     Ciudadanos americanos La inmensa mayorà ­a de las personas que vivimos en Estados Unidos somos ciudadanos americanos. La ciudadanà ­a se puede obtener de cinco formas distintas. La mayorà ­a son ciudadanos desde el momento de su nacimiento pero tambià ©n se puede adquirir posteriormente.   Los ciudadanos tenemos el derecho de vivir y trabajar en Estados Unidos y todos los que nos reconocen las leyes. Pero tambià ©n tenemos obligaciones. Desde el punto de vista migratorio, ser ciudadano tiene importantes ventajas como: imposibilidad de ser deportadosà ³lo en casos extremos y concretos se pierde la ciudadanà ­ase pueden pedir los papeles para varias categorà ­as de familiares y en aplicacià ³n de DAPA los ciudadanos podrn extender proteccià ³n frente a la deportacià ³n a sus padres y madres. Por à ºltimo recordar que la ciudadanà ­a americana se extiende a los territorios de Estados Unidos como, por ejemplo, Puerto Rico (estos son los documentos que se necesitan para viajar a la Isla). Residentes permanentes legales (LPR por sus siglas en inglà ©s) Los residentes permanentes legales tienen a su nombre una green card, tambià ©n conocida como tarjeta de residencia. Pueden vivir y trabajar indefinidamente en Estados Unidos, pero no son ciudadanos, por los que sus derechos estn ms limitados y tienen obligaciones que sà ³lo aplican a a ellos. Estas son 13 diferencias entre ciudadanos y residentes que hay que tener presentes. Una vez que se tiene una tarjeta de residencia, en casos muy concretos es temporal (inversores y algunos casos de esposos de ciudadanos), convirtià ©ndose ms tarde en definitiva, si todo va bien y se cumplen con todos los requisitos legales. En todos los dems casos es permanente, debià ©ndose renovar antes de que expire.   Los inmigrantes con una green card pueden optar por conservar ese estatus de residentes permanentes o pueden solicitar convertirse en ciudadanos mediante el proceso que se conoce como naturalizacià ³n, una vez que transcurren los plazos mà ­nimos que tienen que esperar los residentes para aplicar por la ciudadanà ­a. Extranjeros con visa no inmigrante En esta categorà ­a entra un amplio grupo de personas. Cada una debe respetar las condiciones de su visado (o, en su caso del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas).En là ­neas generales y para ilustrar las diferencias pueden establecerse las siguientes subcategorà ­as: Visas de doble intencià ³n Son las visas de trabajo H-1B para profesionales y modelos y la L-1 (versià ³n A y B) para ejecutivos, directivos y personal con conocimiento especializado que trabajan para multinacionales.  Son visados muy cotizados.Una de sus grandes ventajas es que son consideradas como visas de doble intencià ³n. Esto quiere decir que su titular no tiene que demostrar la intencià ³n de regresar a su paà ­s y que puede buscar activamente quedarse en Estados Unidos como inmigrante y que le patrocinen una green card. Visas especiales Como la K-3/K-4 para esposos/hijos de ciudadanos americanos, que es poco utilizada o la K-1/K-2 para novios/as de ciudadanos y sus hijos, que es ms utilizada. Particularmente la K-1 puede dar problemas si no se siguen sus reglas. Se otorga al novio o prometida de un ciudadano americano para que ingrese a Estados Unidos para casarse y a partir de ahà ­, mediante lo que se llama ajuste de estatus, solicitar la green card. Una vez que se ingresa a EEUU hay que seguir todos los requisitos de la visa. Es decir, no casarse a tiempo, de ninguna de las maneras o casarse con otra persona distinta a la que solicità ³ la visa es un error (grave).   Visas no inmigrante Son muchas y muy diversas entre sà ­, con distintas reglas. Pero tienen un elemento en comà ºn: se tiene que demostrar la intencià ³n de no quedarse en Estados Unidos y de tener lazos econà ³micos y/o familiares fuertes en el paà ­s de residencia habitual.   En esta categorà ­a entran visas como las de trabajo, las de estudiante o la de turista e incluso las de inversià ³n como la E-1 para casos de negocios de importacià ³n/exportacià ³n o la E-2 donde hay una inversià ³n sustancial de dinero.   En cuanto a los turistas, pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos con visa B2, en el caso de mexicanos en la frontera con la lser y chilenos  y espaà ±oles sin visado (si llegan por avià ³n necesitan una ESTA).   Todos los turistas deberà ­an tener en cuenta  con  cunta frecuencia se puede ingresar a EEUU como turista  y quà © pasa si una persona se queda en Estados Unidos ms tiempo del permitido. Es cierto que en circunstancias especiales es posible cambiar una visa no inmigrante por  otra visa o incluso una residencia. Pero no siempre. Hay que tener siempre presente las circunstancias y requisitos de la visa que se tiene (o no visa, en su caso) y cà ³mo se quiere hacer el cambio y si es posible y cà ³mo. Para evitar problemas siempre es aconsejable consultar con un abogado de inmigracià ³n e informarse sobre quà © tipo de visa se tiene. Situaciones especiales Algunas personas presentes en Estados Unidos tienen una situacià ³n especial debido a sus circunstancias personales, como por ejemplo: AsiloVisa U para và ­ctimas de violenciaVAWAVisa T para và ­ctimas de trata de personas En general, esas personas con el paso del tiempo y si se cumplen los requisitos acabarn obteniendo una tarjeta de residencia (green card).Especial mencià ³n merece el caso de los cubanos  que al  aà ±o y un dà ­a de ingresar legalmente pueden pedir la residencia permanente (green card) por  ley de ajuste cubano. Lo que ocurre es que esto à ºltimo suele suceder antes de que se resuelva el caso de asilo y asà ­ la residencia por ajuste cubano cancela al proceso de asilo. Indocumentados Se calcula que en Estados Unidos pueden vivir como indocumentados ms de 11 millones de personas. Los indocumentados pueden ser deportados, carecen de acceso a beneficios sociales excepto los ms bsicos como WIC, en la mayorà ­a de los estados no pueden obtener la licencia de manejar (aunque hay importantes excepciones), etc. Pero no todos los indocumentados son iguales desde el punto de la ley. En la actualidad los jà ³venes que llegaron a Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os pueden acogerse a DACA que les protege frente a la deportacià ³n y les permite obtener un permiso de trabajo por dos aà ±os. Para el resto de los indocumentados que no pueden beneficiarse de DACA las posibilidades de legalizacià ³n son escasas, siendo estos 15 posibles caminos. A tener en cuenta Ciudadanos, residentes permanentes e indocumentados que son jà ³venes y varones tienen todos una misma obligacià ³n: cumplir con el Servicio Selectivo. Y donde hay migrantes, desgraciadamente hay personas que intentan tomar ventaja de su situacià ³n y prometen beneficios migratorios que no son posibles a cambio de dinero. Si se es và ­ctima de un fraude migratorio, considerar reportarlo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Overall SAT Structure - PrepScholar 2016 Students Encyclopedia

Overall SAT Structure - PrepScholar 2016 Students' Encyclopedia SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT has three sections, Critical Reading (formerly referred to as Verbal), Mathematics, and Writing. All of the questions within these sections are multiple choice, with the exception of a 25 minute essay in Writing and ten student-produced responses in Mathematics. Note: this article is a series in the PrepScholar2016 Students' Encyclopedia, a free students' and parents' SAT / ACT guide that provides encyclopedic knowledge. Read all the articles here! The Critical Reading section features two types of questions, passage-based questions and sentence completions, which test students' reading comprehension and understanding of vocabulary.Questions in the Mathematics section test students' data literacy and ability to interpret tables, charts, and graphs. Students must solve single step and multi-step problems by applying mathematical concepts from four main areas: number and operations, algebra and functions, geometry and measurement, and data analysis, statistics, and probability. The Writing section is largely concerned with testing the rules of English grammar, mechanics, and usage. Multiple choice questions measurestudents' ability to recognize errors in sentences and paragraphs and to improve them by changing word choice or idea organization. In the essay, students must develop a point of view on a prompt, often philosophical or related to a social issue. Strong essays provide relevant and well-supported examples and demonstrate varied vocabulary and a logical flow of ideas. The SAT is administered in ten subsections, each of which is strictly timed at 25 minutes, 20 minutes, or 10 minutes. The 25 minute essay is always first, and a 10 minute multiple choice Writing section is always last. Sections 2 through 7 are 25-minute sections, and sections 8 and 9 are each 20 minutes long. The order of Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing sections differs among tests and, apart from the first and last sections, cannot be predicted. One of the 25 minute sections on the SAT is an experimental, or variable, section and is unscored. The experimental section is used to ensure accuracy in scoring and to evaluate material for future tests. It can be Critical Reading, Mathematics, or Writing, and students have no way of knowing in advance which section it will fall in. The total testing time of the SAT is 3 hours and 45 minutes. The actual test-taking experience takes about 4.5 hours, including instructions from the proctor and three 5 minute breaks. The highest possible composite score on the SAT is 2400. The raw scores students receive on each section, based on the number of questions they got correct, incorrect, or skipped, are converted to a scaled score between 200 and 800 through a process called equating, which takes into account the performance of all students who took the SAT on a given test date. The essay is graded by two readers, who give it a score from 1 to 6 and add their scores together. A score of 0 is possible if the essay section is left blank or the student's response is illegible or completely off topic. The essay contributes about 30% to the overall Writing score, while the multiple choice makes up the other 70%. SAT multiple choice questions range in difficulty level from easy to medium to hard. Most of the Mathematics and Writing multiple choice questions increase in difficulty level throughout a given section, along with the sentence completion questions in Critical Reading. The exception to this pattern ispassage-based questions in Critical Reading, which are ordered chronologically along with the passage(s) to which they refer. Since each section is strictly timed and students may not revisit a section one time has expired, time management and pacing areparticular challenges for students on the SAT. Efficiency is a key factor for achieving strong scores. Students generally benefit from taking timed official SAT practice tests before sitting for the SAT on their registered test date. Redesign Alert The new SAT, which will be first administered in March of 2016, returns to a pre-2005 1600 scoring system, with Critical Reading and Writing scored together out of a maximum possible score of 800. The essay will be placed at the end of the test and made optional. There will be no more penalty for wrong answers, and each multiple choice question will have 4 answer choices instead of the current 5. Along with changes in format and scoring, the new SAT also focuses on some different skills and content knowledge. Read more from the SAT Encyclopedia! Further Reading What's Actually Tested on the SAT Critical Reading Section? What's Actually Tested on the SAT Math Section? What's Actually Tested on the SAT Writing Section? Grammar and Questions