Deforestation In Amazon And Local Climate Changes Essay

Deforestation In Amazon And Local Climate Changes - Essay Example The strong threat of climate change is coupled with another eerie possibility that of absolute regional drought that can be caused by climatic change. Most of the remaining tropical forests of the world are in the Amazon region, and some areas of the forest contain huge deposits of the range of organisms present in a particular ecological community or system. Therefore the continuous deforestation in the Amazon threatens climate stability and is an added factor to the global atmospheric change disaster. Scientific research has overwhelmingly proved that cutting and removing trees from their natural environment contributes 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide out into the atmosphere every year. Clearing forests to acquire more land and more human activities in the tropics will release an additional 1300 billion tons of carbon per year, which is greater than the amount of carbon emissions released by 13 years burning of fossil fuel all over the world. The new research conclusively proves that preserving huge forests such as the Amazon as carbon absorbents will contribute a great deal to stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions. Another important factor is the need to reduce levels of emission as these could slow down the capacity of forests to absorb carbon. Method of Research: An official inquiry was carried out for the way in which deforestation effects climate changes with the help of twin numerical experiments of an â€Å"atmosphere general circulation model (AGCM) with prearranged and approved global sea temperature and the AGCM over the global tropics. The results showed that the twenty first century environmental change may be the most unfortunate bequest that will be passed on to future generations. The strong threat of climate change is coupled with another eerie possibility that of unmitigated regional drought brought about by climatic change. More than half of the remaining tropical forests of the world are in the Amazon region, and some areas of the forest contain huge deposits of the range of organisms present in a particular ecological community or system. It is generally measured by the numbers and types of different species, or the genetic variations within and between species. In fact the Amazon contains about 25% of the biodiversity on the face of the Earth (Science Daily 2007). It acts as a major agent of global climate making vapor to produce clouds, which has a deep circulating affect across the entire globe. It also stores mass of living organisms within a particular environment, measured in terms of weight per unit of area and soil carbon. Therefore the continuous deforestation in the Amazon threatens climate stability and is an added factor to the global atmospheric change catastrophe. On the other hand the stabilization of the deforestation of the Amazon forests would provide the chance for adaptation to climate change including contributing towards the improvement of climate change. To control deforestation in the Amazo n would envisage major replacements in policies, governance, sustainability and economic science. Quantity of Rainfall: Rainfall decreases over deforested tracts, because heavy clouds holding copious amounts of water are only attracted to tracts of heavy forests, which was proved conclusively during the Rondonian Boundary Layer Experiment the physical methods and means that constitute the link between rain bearing clouds and heavy forestation. It has been amply demonstrated that the atmospheric limits over areas of heavy forests is more unbalanced and contains larger

Samsung Vs Nokia Finacial Analysis Critical Evaluation Marketing Essay

Samsung Vs Nokia Finacial Analysis Critical Evaluation Marketing Essay In todays era of digital there are companies drifted towards the digital technology. The company Samsung has made his position in the market by themselves and now days recognised as the most innovative and good quality brand in the sector of electronic industry. The Samsung follow the policy of we will devote out human resources and technologies to create superior products and services thereby contributing a better global society. In this assignment there is financial analysis of the Samsung Company in relation to the last five years summary. The various aspects are discussed critically in this assignment work. In addition to this there is comparison of the Samsung Company with respect to the Nokia Company a big rival of the Samsung Company in the market. There is comparison of the financial positions of both of the companies to make the differentiation between their strategies so they in future they can be benefited by this. The Samsung Company is famous company in the area of electronic industry. This company was established in 1969 in Taegu, Korea. The founder of this company was Byung Chull Lee. At the very first time the company has started business with the manufacturing of Black and White TVs. At the early period of time the company was at the steady growth and after the end of year 2004 the company has got about the sale of  £52 billion and has assets about  £38 Billion. At this time the company had employed approximately 113 thousand at the worldwide. In this year the company got the competitive advantage too as it go ahead to its competitive rivals like Kodak, Philips, and Panasonic etc. (Barney and Hesterly, 2008, PC-2 -1). At that time the company involved in the manufacturing of TVs, Computers and Av equipments, Mobile Phones, Networking Equipments, LCD Screens, Notebook computers, Laptops, HDTVs , Washing Machines and other electronic equipments etc. (Barney and Hesterly, 2008, PC-2 -6) . According to the company the success they achieved is purely depend on their contribution that how they manage their company in an effective way by considering the things like contribution to society and mutual prosperity at the worldwide level among the people. The chairman of the company has told that the group of Samsung always guide their employees to pat emphasise over the efficiency and design of the products. Under the observation of the formal chairman the company able to attain the leading position in the electronic market (Barney and Hesterly, 2008, PC-2 -6). In relation to this the below diagram has shown the organisational structure of the company. Source- Samsung 2008 (www.samsung.com) Financial Analysis of the Company (Samsung) The Samsung is continued to grow and gain profit in the market at high rate. From the financial statement of the last five years of the company has clearly showed that how the company is on the track of the progress. From year 2005 to 2010 there is increase in the net profit of the company. For the year 2005 the company has gained the profit with 31 % but in the next year it was decreased by 1 % and become 30% then for the coming consecutive years there is decrease as that was recession period but still in recession it made the profit of 28% in both 2007 and 2008. For the further improvement in next year of 2009 there is total gross profit is by 33.5 % and fro the next and present year of 2010 the company has the highest profit of 35.3 % as a gross profit of the company. From the financial statement given in the appendixes it is clear that the company has got the improvement in last five years. Till year 2010 there is total assets of the company are 125,677 billion as Korean KRW. Source http://www.corporateinformation.com/Company-Snapshot.aspx?cusip=C410P0400 Ratio Analysis of the company Samsung The following table show the ratios for the company over last five years. The different ratios find in the table are ROE in which there are ratios of Profitability, assets turnover ratio and leverages are included and there is average ration of ROE is given. For the next there is Debt/ equity ratio for the five years followed by the Net debt/equity ratio and in the last column there is total earnings per share are given. ROE = NPM * TAT * A/E = ROA * A/E Financial Ratios 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ROE 19.6 17.7 14.3 9.3 17.5 22.5 Profitability (Net Income/Sales) 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.11 Asset Turnover (Sales/Asset) 1.12 1.10 1.13 1.22 1.50 1.32 Leverage (Asset/Equity) 1.84 1.74 1.68 1.67 1.53 1.54 Debt /Equity 39.5 30.2 25.9 27.7 12.9 12.9 Net Debt/Equity 15.3 9.8 4.8 6.5 -15.7 -12.6 Earnings per share KRW 149,969 52,880 49,502 37,684 20,731 28,842 The ratios are calculated from the balance sheet and income statements for the last five years of the company. The ratios calculated are shown in the following table for the years 2005-2010. Introduction to Nokia The company Nokia has started in year 1856 at the banks of Nokianvirta River. The company at that time is major force in the industry. After that it undergoes merger with Cable Company to enter into the market of electronic by the name of Nokia Corporation. The new company successfully entered into the market and play a pioneering role in the area of mobile communications. Due to the globalisation the company soon grow at fast pace and there is good position attained by the company. The most strategic decision taken by the company was in 1992 that to concentrate on the telecommunication business only. At present the Nokia Corporation  is engaged in the business of communication and manufacturing of the mobile. This company is at the number one position in the market. The company had over 123000 employees at present working in the company. The company has its roots in 120 countries of the world. The annual sale of the company is 41 Euro billion and has profit about 1.2 euro Billion as on the year of 2009. This company is recognised as the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile phones and even it provides the navigation system too in addition. The market shares of the company was 30% of the global market in the third quarter of year 2010 operating profit of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1.2 billion as of 2009. It is the worlds largest manufacturer of  mobile telephones: its global device  market share  was 30% in the third quarter 2010, but this value is less than to year 2009 when it was 34 %. The Nokia is continuing to growing by introducing advance technology according to the global need s of the society and market. Financial analysis of Nokia For the financial analysis of Nokia there is consideration of the annual statements for the last five years of Nokia and also there is consideration of the balance sheet of the Nokia for the last five years from 2005- 2009. The following table is formulated for the explanation purpose to analyse the financial position of the company. Financial years 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Fixed Assets 12 125 15 112 8 305 4 031 3 501 Current assets 23 613 24 470 29 294 18 586 18 951 Total equity 14 749 16 510 17 338 12 060 12 514 Long term liabilities 5 801 2 717 1 286 396 268 Current liabilities 15 188 20 355 18 976 10 161 9 670 Total Assets 35738 39582 37599 22617 22452 Ration Analysis of Nokia The following table shows the ratio analysis of the company on the bases of above table which represents the overall financial statement of the company. Ratio analysis 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 ROE Profitability Net profit margin 6.5 2.92 0.63 7.5 9.79 7.86 53.5 15.64 14.11 35.5 13.35 10.47 27.1 13.57 10.58 Equity ratio 41.9 42.3 46.7 54.0 56.4 Net Debt/Equity Return on Assets -25 0.73 -14 10.08 -62 19.16 -69 19.04 -77 16.22 From above table of ratios it has been seen that there is deterioration in the ROE ratios from 2007 to 2008 and from 2008 to 2009. There is also deterioration in the ROA ratio with the same pace. Comparison of Nokia and Samsung The both companies are reputed companies in the mobile sector. The Nokia is leading than the Samsung Company. At present the nokia is number one company but there is deterioration in the sales of the company and even in the ratios of the company if it continues it will be hard for the company to compete with its rivals. On the other hand the company Samsung is continue to grow. There is continue growth has seen in the company. As from the financial analysis of the company and the ratios calculated it has seen that at present the company has raised itself from the 15th position to the 5th position and this is milestone in the history of telecommunication industry. The company is continuing on this track to progress. The following presentation shows the comparison between these two companies. Nokia 2009 Samsung 2009 Position in Market 1st 5th Operating income ( 1716) 8973 Net profit 0.63 % 15.4% From above table it is clear that Samsung is making profit regularly. On the other hand there is continues deterioration in the Nokia from last four consecutive years. Vendor 1Q10 Unit Shipments 1Q10 Market Share 1Q09 Unit Shipments 1Q09 Market Share Year-over-year Change 1. Nokia 107.8 36.6% 93.2 38.4% 15.7% 2. Samsung 64.3 21.8% 45.9 18.9% 40.1% Source http://www.palminfocenter.com/news/6470/worldwide-mobile-phone-market-grows-22/ Conclusion From the above report it is concluded that the financial analysis is very important for the companies in every field. This is useful in find out the level of company and moreover this is useful in having comparison with the other companies so that for the future welfare possible steps should be taken. The financial analysis make the company knows about the finance they have to spend and where they need to spend this. This even gives the evaluation for the profit and loss for the company.

AT&T Business Analysis Essay -- Business Management Essays

AT&T Business Analysis Executive Summary The world is experiencing a communications revolution. The Internet, e-Commerce and other developments (including the convergence of communication technologies) are profoundly reshaping economic and social life. AT&T must position itself to meet the challenge of this revolution. The strategic development of information-based industries is a key to the future social and economic development of the world. The telecommunications industry is of vital importance to the development of the information-based economy. AT&T need to supply access to cost efficient, timely and innovative telecommunications services. AT&T had developed a reputation for providing high-quality long distance telephone services. It moved rapidly to exploit this reputation in the newly competitive long distance market by aggressively marketing its services against MCI, Sprint, and other carriers. Also, AT&T had traditional strengths in research and development with its Bell Labs subsidiary. To exploit these strengths in its new global competitive context, AT&T shifted Bell Labs' mission from basic research to applied research, and then leveraged those skills by forming numerous joint ventures, acquiring NCR, and other actions. Through this process, AT&T has been able to use some of its historically important capabilities to try to position itself as a major actor in the global telecommunications and computing industry. Effective competition is widely seen as a key to the development of telecommunications services. The ability of new telecommunications networks to interconnect fairly and efficiently with existing networks is critical to the development of competition. AT&T has undergone numerous changes since its inception in the late 19th century. The McKinsey 7 S framework as applied by Pascale is recommended to manage the changes they are facing to adopt a greater competitive presence in the global economy. In conjunction with this framework, numerous other models were applied to analyse the global competitive position of AT&T. Recommendations for a revised strategy and direction for AT&T have been made throughout this document including two scenarios of how the telecommunications industry might develop towards 2000, while outlining the impact on AT&T. 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction AT&T Corp., incorporated in 1885, is engaged in providin... ...ide whether it should be getting better at what it is already good at or whether it should be looking toward higher order capabilities that are beyond the old. The strategic vision of AT&T must be adjusted to reflect their intent of being ‘boundaryless’ and to become the leader in the infocom industry. It must become the companies culture. Appendix 13 – Mapping AT&T’s Strategy The soft factors can make or break a successful change process, since new structures and strategies are difficult to build upon inappropriate cultures and values. These problems often come up in the dissatisfying results of spectacular mega-mergers. The lack of success and synergies in such mergers is often based in a clash of completely different cultures, values, and styles, which make it difficult to establish effective common systems and structuresBased on the case study, extensive research and annual reports of AT&T the writer has mapped AT&T in the different domains. AT&T should strive to attain a perfect circle as close to the centre as possible, which indicates total synergy, order and equilibrium. Where the circle is skewed drastic change is needed as it moves closer to the outer ring of chaos:

Piano Industry, Prp

Porter Five Forces: The piano industry. Threat of substitute products or services: LOW A portable keyboard can be regarded as a substitute but those interested in buying a piano are interested in superior sound, better performance, good looks and elegance. The keyboard has none of these. It is complicated to sell a piano and move it in order to put a keyboard. Threat of new competition: MEDIUM-LOW The capital investment in a piano factory is very high. The market already is filled with competitors that dominate the global market. Brand recognition is also a hard asset to aquire in the piano industry. Pianos are a luxury product that could make an entrant suffer a lot in the even of an economic downturn. Other local Chinese piano manufacturers could potentially become significant competition. Bargaining power of customers: HIGH A piano is a high end product with many different brand offerings. Customers have a large bargaining power driving the margins down. PRP has made this clear by driving prices down by offering a good product at a better price. Bargaining power of suppliers: LOW The suppliers hold no proprietary materials that the piano makers require. Most of the materials are commodity products such as wood and those that are more developed like keys are becoming easier to manufacture in house due to the drop in ease and cost of the machinery required to do so. Intensity of competitive rivalry: HIGH The entrance of companies such as PRP is evidence of the incredibly competitive market the piano industry is. New drastic tactics and strategies like sponsored players that can only use their products in their performances or manufacturing outside their usual territories into asian sites also shows the competitive nature of the business.

Radio Music Essay

Music, I can say, has played an important role to the lives of every human. It has been a source of inspiration and leisure on past times. When you celebrate, music never gets lost and when you need to be calmed, music is also relaxing. As the years pass, along with it are the changes in trend. Characteristics of radio music by then are different of the radio music we have today. Several genres of music flourished from 1950s to 1960s. The birth of Rock and Roll is also dated back significantly in the 1950s. Right now, there is a question asked whether or not people would still listen to the radio despite of the latest gadgets for music are on hand. Listening to the radios are threatened by the latest technology including iPods and mp3 players. Aside from the radio, music is also presented by music channels in the television where music videos are accompanying the song. Radio is the major source of entertainment for the Americans having almost every household own at least one radio. 93% of the Americans owned a radio during that time. It was in the year 1954 that a rock and roll song landed the hit charts. Rock and Roll was a product of several genres including indigenous American jazz, rhythm and blues, swing, and the gospel style. Its roots trace back to the black culture of that moment (Faculty). Another music that was played on the radios is called â€Å"covers† (Faculty). Covering Family Name 2 takes place when a person or a group records again a song that was already recorded by another individual or group. This term’s roots dates back in the year 1966 (Online Etymology Dictionary). Songs back then that were originally sung by black artists were being asked to be covered by white artists. There were a lot of advantages that a â€Å"cover† has. First, they can outsell the original version due to having greater resources and second, the quality of the sound is much better than that of the original version. Rock and Roll had more specific genres which include Rock-a-Billy, Doo Wop, and the â€Å"West Coast† sound. â€Å"Rockabilly† was a mixture of rhythm and blues and country music. The â€Å"Doo Wop sound† traces its origins in the urban North. It has been fondly called and described as 1950s’ â€Å"street corner† music. Under Doo Wop are the characteristics of using â€Å"nonsense syllables† as background rhythm, having emphasis on its harmony, and a different range of voices or parts. Came 1960s and a new kind of rock and roll emerged called â€Å"California Sound. † California is the place where it first started. Rock and roll’s decline happened in the later part of 1950s since companies started to promote â€Å"teen idols. † The themes of their songs are mostly about love (Faculty). Some of the famous and promising artists during this time are the following: Dean Martin, Patti Page, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Eddie Cochran, Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley- Don’t Be Cruel, Jailhouse Rock and many others, Arthur â€Å"Big Boy† Crudup, â€Å"Big Mama† Thornton, Hank Williams, Sr. , Buddy Holly and the Crickets, Every Brothers- Bye Bye Love, Roy Orbison, Ricky Nelson, The Marcels- Blue Moon, The Diamonds, Little Eva- Locomotion, The Shirelles- Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow? , Neil Sedaka- Breaking Up is Hard to Do, and Paul Anka with his song Diana (Faculty). Family Name 3 At the present, since whatever the trend in America is being adopted by other countries, there are 17 formats that are now playing and being listened to. Ranking from the first, the following are Country, News/ talk/ information, Adult Contemporary, Pop Contemporary Hit Radio, Classic Rock, Rhythmic Contemporary Hit Radio, Urban Contemporary, Urban Adult Contemporary, Oldies, Hot Adult Contemporary, Mexican Regional, Contemporary Christian, All Sports, Alternative, Classic Hits, Classical, and Talk/ Personality (Radio Today). From Rock and Roll, it can be seen from the above information that the taste of music listeners have shifted to many other kinds. In my own observation, today’s folks are getting more acquainted with music that have lively danceable beats but not necessarily with high notes. A lot of the radio stations would play Pop, R&B and Hiphop. The young is the targeted market of these radio stations. Leading artists of today include Beyonce Knowles, Neyo, Chris Brown, Rihanna, Akon, Taylor Swift and many others who have hit the charts just like those mentioned artists in the year 1950s and 1960s. Works Cited â€Å"Cover. † Online Etymology Dictionary. 5 May 2009. < http://www. etymonline. com/index. php? l=c&p=28/> â€Å"The Rise of Rock ‘n Roll. † Faculty. 5 May 2009. < http://faculty. smu. edu/dsimon/Change-Music. html/> â€Å"Radio Today. † Arbitron. 5 May 2009. < http://www. arbitron. com/downloads/radiotoday07. pdf/>